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About 60 years before the terrorist attacks of Sept. 11, 2001, Japanese bombers sneak attacked U.S. military forces at Pearl Harbor on Oahu shortly before 8 a.m.

The 3,435 U.S. casualties included 2,403 who died in the attack, which did not even last two hours.

The nation suffered either the loss of or the damage to 188 planes, eight battleships, three cruisers and four other vessels.

President Franklin D. Roosevelt on Dec. 8 addressed a joint session of members of the U.S. Senate and the U.S. House of Representatives.

The president began with a sentence that has become, at least in part, one of the more memorable sentences in U.S. history: “Yesterday, December 7, 1941 — a date which will live in infamy — the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan.”

The speech ended resolutely, as Mr. Roosevelt said, “I ask that the Congress declare that since the unprovoked and dastardly attack by Japan on Sunday, December 7, 1941, a state of war has existed between the United States and the Japanese Empire.”

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